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Speed of sound

The speed of sound

Sound travels at 343 m/s in air at 20 °C – but more than four times faster in water and over seventeen times faster in steel.

All materials

MaterialStateSpeedkm/h
Carbon dioxidegas267 m/s961 km/h
Argongas323 m/s1,163 km/h
Oxygengas326 m/s1,174 km/h
Air at 0 °Cgas331 m/s1,192 km/h
Airgas343 m/s1,235 km/h
Nitrogengas349 m/s1,256 km/h
Methanegas446 m/s1,606 km/h
Corksolid500 m/s1,800 km/h
Heliumgas1,007 m/s3,625 km/h
Ethanolliquid1,162 m/s4,183 km/h
Hydrogengas1,310 m/s4,716 km/h
Olive oilliquid1,430 m/s5,148 km/h
Mercuryliquid1,450 m/s5,220 km/h
Fat tissuetissue1,450 m/s5,220 km/h
Fresh waterliquid1,481 m/s5,332 km/h
Seawaterliquid1,500 m/s5,400 km/h
Soft tissue (average)tissue1,540 m/s5,544 km/h
Bloodliquid1,570 m/s5,652 km/h
Muscletissue1,580 m/s5,688 km/h
Glycerolliquid1,904 m/s6,854 km/h
Leadsolid2,160 m/s7,776 km/h
Polystyrenesolid2,350 m/s8,460 km/h
Nylonsolid2,600 m/s9,360 km/h
Acrylic (PMMA)solid2,730 m/s9,828 km/h
Goldsolid3,240 m/s11,664 km/h
Pine (along the grain)solid3,300 m/s11,880 km/h
Tinsolid3,320 m/s11,952 km/h
Concretesolid3,600 m/s12,960 km/h
Silversolid3,650 m/s13,140 km/h
Oak (along the grain)solid3,850 m/s13,860 km/h
Icesolid3,880 m/s13,968 km/h
Bone (cortical)tissue4,080 m/s14,688 km/h
Zincsolid4,210 m/s15,156 km/h
Brasssolid4,400 m/s15,840 km/h
Coppersolid4,760 m/s17,136 km/h
Tungstensolid5,220 m/s18,792 km/h
Nickelsolid5,600 m/s20,160 km/h
Glass (Pyrex)solid5,640 m/s20,304 km/h
Stainless steelsolid5,790 m/s20,844 km/h
Steelsolid5,960 m/s21,456 km/h
Granitesolid6,000 m/s21,600 km/h
Titaniumsolid6,070 m/s21,852 km/h
Aluminiumsolid6,320 m/s22,752 km/h
Diamondsolid12,000 m/s43,200 km/h
Berylliumsolid12,890 m/s46,404 km/h

Typical longitudinal (bulk) sound speeds at about 20 °C unless stated. Real values vary with composition, temperature, pressure and wave type; thin rods carry slower 'bar' waves.